Referred Link - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/hamidsha-shahudeen-43320326_biomedical-engineering-activity-7200403241803665408-6_jL
👉 X-Ray Machine
Working Principle:
• Uses X-rays (a form of electromagnetic radiation) to create images of the inside of the body.
• X-rays pass through the body and are absorbed by different tissues to varying degrees, creating an image on a detector.
Applications:
• Diagnosing fractures and bone disorders.
• Detecting lung diseases like pneumonia.
• Dental imaging.
Advantages:
• Quick and easy to perform.
• Good for viewing bones and certain soft tissues.
Disadvantages:
• Exposure to ionizing radiation, which can be harmful in high doses.
• Limited soft tissue contrast.
Example:
• Identifying a broken arm.
👉 CT Scan (Computed Tomography)
Working Principle:
• Combines multiple X-ray images taken from different angles to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
• A computer processes these images to produce a 3D representation.
Applications:
• Diagnosing complex bone fractures.
• Detecting tumors and cancers.
• Imaging internal organs and blood vessels.
Advantages:
• Detailed and accurate images of bones, soft tissues, and blood vessels.
• Quick scanning process.
Disadvantages:
• Higher radiation exposure compared to regular X-rays.
• Expensive and less available than other imaging methods.
Example:
• Detecting a brain tumor.
👉 MRI Scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Working Principle:
• Uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the inside of the body.
• The magnetic field aligns hydrogen atoms in the body, and radio waves disturb this alignment, which is then detected and converted into images.
Applications:
• Imaging the brain and spinal cord.
• Detecting soft tissue abnormalities like ligament tears and tumors.
• Examining joint injuries.
Advantages:
• No ionizing radiation, safe for repeated use.
• Excellent soft tissue contrast.
Disadvantages:
• Expensive and time-consuming.
• Not suitable for patients with metal implants or claustrophobia.
Example:
• Diagnosing multiple sclerosis in the brain.
Working Principle:
• Uses X-rays (a form of electromagnetic radiation) to create images of the inside of the body.
• X-rays pass through the body and are absorbed by different tissues to varying degrees, creating an image on a detector.
Applications:
• Diagnosing fractures and bone disorders.
• Detecting lung diseases like pneumonia.
• Dental imaging.
Advantages:
• Quick and easy to perform.
• Good for viewing bones and certain soft tissues.
Disadvantages:
• Exposure to ionizing radiation, which can be harmful in high doses.
• Limited soft tissue contrast.
Example:
• Identifying a broken arm.
👉 CT Scan (Computed Tomography)
Working Principle:
• Combines multiple X-ray images taken from different angles to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
• A computer processes these images to produce a 3D representation.
Applications:
• Diagnosing complex bone fractures.
• Detecting tumors and cancers.
• Imaging internal organs and blood vessels.
Advantages:
• Detailed and accurate images of bones, soft tissues, and blood vessels.
• Quick scanning process.
Disadvantages:
• Higher radiation exposure compared to regular X-rays.
• Expensive and less available than other imaging methods.
Example:
• Detecting a brain tumor.
👉 MRI Scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Working Principle:
• Uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the inside of the body.
• The magnetic field aligns hydrogen atoms in the body, and radio waves disturb this alignment, which is then detected and converted into images.
Applications:
• Imaging the brain and spinal cord.
• Detecting soft tissue abnormalities like ligament tears and tumors.
• Examining joint injuries.
Advantages:
• No ionizing radiation, safe for repeated use.
• Excellent soft tissue contrast.
Disadvantages:
• Expensive and time-consuming.
• Not suitable for patients with metal implants or claustrophobia.
Example:
• Diagnosing multiple sclerosis in the brain.
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Working Principle:
• Uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body.
• Sound waves are transmitted into the body and reflected back, creating echoes that are converted into images.
Applications:
• Prenatal imaging to monitor the development of the fetus.
• Examining organs such as the liver, kidneys, and heart.
• Guiding needle biopsies.
Advantages:
• Non-invasive and safe, no radiation exposure.
• Real-time imaging.
Disadvantages:
• Limited penetration depth and resolution compared to other imaging methods.
• Less effective for imaging bones or air-filled structures.
Example:
• Monitoring the growth of a baby during pregnancy.