Facebook System Design by Dileep Pandiya

 Referred Link - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/dileeppandiya_having-spent-years-working-on-distributed-activity-7267741954724048896-vG5X

Core Architecture Components:

1. Frontend Layer:
- Client interface connects to multiple services through DNS
- Load balancers distribute traffic across API gateways
- CDN optimization for static content delivery

2. Data Processing Pipeline:
- Sophisticated write/read server separation for optimal performance
- Multiple API gateways handle request routing and load distribution
- Dedicated video/image processing service with worker pools
- Feed generation tasks run asynchronously through dedicated queues

3. Storage Architecture:
- Multi-tiered caching system reducing database load
- Directory-based partitioning for efficient data distribution
- Master-slave database configuration enabling:
• High availability
• Read scalability
• Disaster recovery
- Shard manager handling data partitioning and replication

4. Real-Time Features:
- Dedicated notification service with queue management
- Search functionality with results aggregators
- Elastic search implementation with caching layer
- Like service integration with feed generation

5. Performance Optimizations:
- Strategic cache placement at multiple levels
- Asynchronous processing for compute-heavy tasks
- Horizontal scaling capabilities at every tier
- Specialized workers for media processing

🔍 Technical Deep-Dive:
The architecture demonstrates several critical patterns:
- Microservices decomposition for independent scaling
- Event-driven design for real-time updates
- Polyglot persistence with different storage solutions
- Circuit breakers and fault isolation
- Eventually consistent data model

⚡ Performance Considerations:
- Read/write splitting reduces contention
- Caching at multiple layers minimizes latency
- Async processing prevents blocking operations
- Partitioning enables infinite horizontal scaling
- CDN integration optimizes content delivery globally

🛡️ Reliability Features:
- Multiple API gateways prevent single points of failure
- Slave DB replicas ensure data redundancy
- Sharding enables better fault isolation
- Queue-based design handles traffic spikes
- Worker pools manage resource utilization

📈 Scaling Strategies:
- Horizontal scaling across all services
- Partition tolerance through sharding
- Load balancing at multiple levels
- Stateless services for easy replication
- Cache hierarchies for performance

🎯 Key Engineering Decisions:
1. Separating read/write paths
2. Implementing content-aware routing
3. Using specialized processing queues
4. Maintaining data consistency through careful service design
5. Employing multiple layers of caching

💡 Learning Points:
- How to handle web-scale data processing
- Balancing consistency vs availability
- Managing real-time features at scale
- Implementing efficient content delivery
- Designing for fault tolerance

Tags:

#Architecture, #FaceBookArchitecture