15 System Design Core Concepts by Rahul Sharma
Referred Link - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ray-rahul_1-requirements-analysis-functional-requirements-activity-7202896130139959296-MMhn
1. Requirements Analysis:
- Functional Requirements: Clearly understand what the system is supposed to do.
- Non-Functional Requirements: Identify performance, scalability, reliability, and security requirements.
2. Architecture:
- Monolithic vs. Microservices: Choose the right architecture based on the project size and requirements.
- Layered Architecture: Design separate layers for presentation, business logic, and data access.
- Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): Use for systems requiring integration with multiple services.
3. Scalability:
- Horizontal Scaling: Add more machines to handle increased load.
- Vertical Scaling: Add more resources (CPU, RAM) to existing machines.
- Load Balancing: Distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers.
4. Reliability and Availability:
- Redundancy: Use redundant components to avoid single points of failure.
- Failover Mechanisms: Ensure the system can switch to a backup in case of failure.
- Disaster Recovery: Plan for backups and recovery processes.
5. Performance:
- Caching: Use caching mechanisms to store frequently accessed data.
- Asynchronous Processing: Offload heavy or long-running tasks to background processes.
- Optimization: Optimize algorithms and database queries.
6. Security:
- Authentication and Authorization: Implement robust mechanisms for user authentication and authorization.
- Data Encryption: Encrypt sensitive data in transit and at rest.
- Secure Coding Practices: Follow best practices to prevent common vulnerabilities like SQL injection and XSS.
7. Data Management:
- Database Design: Choose between SQL and NoSQL databases based on the data model and access patterns.
- Data Partitioning: Partition data to improve performance and manageability.
- Data Consistency: Decide on the trade-off between consistency and availability (CAP theorem).
8. Maintainability:
- Modularity: Design the system in a modular way to simplify maintenance and updates.
- Documentation: Maintain clear and comprehensive documentation.
- Testing: Implement thorough testing (unit, integration, and end-to-end).
9. Monitoring and Logging:
- Logging: Implement logging to track system behavior and diagnose issues.
- Monitoring: Use monitoring tools to track system health and performance.
- Alerting: Set up alerts for critical issues.
10. User Experience (UX):
- Intuitive Interface: Design a user-friendly and intuitive interface.
- Performance: Ensure the system is responsive and fast.
- Accessibility: Make the system accessible to users with disabilities.
11. Cost Management:
- Cost Estimation: Estimate the costs of development, deployment, and maintenance.
- Optimization: Optimize resource usage to control costs.
12. Scalability and Flexibility:
- Extensibility: Design the system to easily add new features in the future.
- Interoperability: Ensure the system can interact with other systems and services.
Tags:
#SystemDesign, #Archietecture
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